More Than Just a Scratch the Dangerous Reality of Tetanus

 

The tetanos is a Greek word and from this word tetanus comes out and the tetanus is a bacterial, acute and often fatal neurological disease which affect the large number of animals that include the cattle, horses, sheep and goats. And this disease is mainly characterized by the muscle rigidity, spasms and the hypersensitivity and the most important thing that in large animals the hoses are the most susceptible.

Etiology of Tetanus:

The etiology of the tetanus is described below:

·      Bacterium clostridium tetani is the causative agent

·      Represent as a gram positive

·      Oxygen is not required for the growth

·      Survives long in the soil

Clinical Signs of Tetanus:

There are the following clinical signs of the tetanus which were given below:

One of the most important clinical signs of tetanus is stiff gait in which the animal is stiffed and there are also the muscle rigidity and the difficulty in the mouth opening, prolapse of the third eyelid, difficulty in swallowing, tail stiffness and the there will be the convulsion in severe cases.

Pathogenesis of Tetanus:

·      nervous system

So, then it prevents release of inhibitory neurotransmitters such as

·      GABA and GLYCINE

And after all this there will be the continuous muscle contraction due to the lack of inhibition. The pathogenesis of the tetanus is briefly described below:

·      Firstly, the entry of the spores in which the bacteria enter through the wound and the remain dormant in the aerobic conditions

·      In deep wounds where the oxygen amount is low as compared to other places of the body the spores germinate into the active bacteria

·      After that the bacteria produce a potent neurotoxin which is called the tetanospasmin

·      Then the toxins travel along with the peripheral nerves to the central

Unique Information about the Tetanus:

So, tetanus is one of the most and unique aspect is that the bacteria itself do spread through the line of blood stream in the very large amount numbers which like many other infectious agents and more overly the disease is mainly caused by the potent neurotoxin which is mainly called the tetanospasmin and which is mainly produced by the one of the bacteria at the site of infection. This toxin which we discuss earlier as well one of the most powerful biological positions which is known as the poisons and even the extremely small amounts of numbers can also cause the significant number of neurological effects. Another unique feature of the tetanus which we discuss is the characteristics patterns of the muscle involvement of the animal and other than that the earliest symptoms of the animal often appears in the jaw muscles which will to the condition simply called the lock jaw and one of the another unique feature of the tetanus disease is the way tetanus infection occurs is the distinctive and the bacteria is commonly found in the soil and also found in the animal feces in the form of spores. Now the most unique feature of the tetanus which we discuss now is that the tetanus is the not contagious disease like it is not transmitted from person to person in any form and unlike the many infectious diseases it cannot spread through the process of coughing and the process of the sneezing as well. And the tetanus also stands out because the reason is that it is preventable through the vaccination and still it yet remains the concern in areas with the very limited access to the health care and the other programs as well. Clinically the tetanus is also managed by the combinations of treatments which we briefly discuss in the article so as despite the modern medical care the tetanus can still be the life threatening and also the especially life threatening when the treatment is delayed and not performed the treatment and care on the time and at last in these unique points this things makes the tetanus a striking example of how the microorganism can cause disease indirectly and also through the biochemical interference rather than the direct tissue invasion so these all about the unique features of the tetanus which we briefly described in this paragraph. 

Diagnosis of Tetanus:

We can simply diagnose the tetanus through the clinical signs and history of the wounds and the main point is the laboratory confirmation is much more difficult and mostly rarely required

Treatment of Tetanus:

The treatment of the tetanus is the main part to remove or to minimum damage from the disease and the treatment is given below:

·      We use antitoxin administration

·      Antibiotics such as penicillin

·      Wound cleaning and the management of the animal

·      Also use the muscle relaxants

·      And the main important one is to keep animal in a quite and dark environment.

Prevention of Tetanus:

Vaccination plays a most important role in the prevention and other than that the proper wound care, hygiene surgical practices and the most importantly the umbilical care in the newborns. And we must have to provide the best management to our animals in the farms because management always play a vital role in the economical benefit of the farm.

Conclusion of Tetanus:

So simply from above all the readings we simply conclude that the tetanus is in the large animals is a serious but it is preventable neurological disease which is simply caused by the clostridium tetani and as we conclude that it mainly occurs through the contaminated wounds and which will lead to the muscle rigidity  and spasms so the early care of the animal and the proper wound management and the regular vaccination are the most essential to reduce the mortality and to protect the livestock health.