Bacillary Hemoglobinuria in Cattle Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

 

Bacillary hemoglobinuria is one of the dangerous disease and it is an acute and highly fatal infectious disease of cattle and sheep and this disease is commonly associated with liver damage and it usually occurs in well nourished animals and can result in sudden death high fever and anemia and the bacillary hemoglobinuria is of major economic importance in livestock production due to its rapid progression and the high amount of mortality rate and making early prevention through the vaccination and the parasite control essential.

Etiology:

The etiology of the bacillary hemoglobinuria is given below:

·      It is caused by the clostridium hemolytium or the clostridium novae type D

·      It is the gram-positive bacteria

·      It is in the rod shape and the obligatory anaerobic

·      It is also the spore forming

·      And most importantly it is the soil born

·      It is the exotoxin and having the phospholipase C and cause the hemolysis and the necrotizing effect.

Epidemiology:

The epidemiology of the bacillary hemoglobinuria is that the cattle are mostly affected and it will be caused in summer or also in the Autumn.

The predisposing factor is the flukes having the fluke hepatica and fluke gigantic and the cyst cercus and the fusobacterium necrophorum is the liver abscess in the anaerobic environment and the intermediate host is snail specially in the spring season and the alkaline soil for flukes because of the poor drainage system and also cause the liver damage and form the tunnel because of the anaerobic environment.

Sources:

Following are some of the sources which were briefly described below:

·      It is because of the feces

·      It is the soil born

·      It is having the spores

·      It goes into the intestine and then into the liver and spleen.

Pathogenesis:

The pathogenesis of the bacillary hemoglobinuria is that it needs the favorable environment and that will be the anaerobic and then the spore will be form and after that it goes into the vegetative form and then produces the toxins and after that it goes into the two portions first the necrosis and the second one is the hemolysis so first we described the first one and that is the necrosis so first the liver will be damage and then the hepatitis takes place then the hypoglycemia and then the brisket edema takes place and then their will be no clotting because this factor is absent in this case and then their will be arch back and then their will nervous signs and the toxemia takes place and second one is the hemolysis and in this case releases the toxins and then goes into blood and toxemia takes place and then the RBCs lysis takes place here and there will be high hemoglobin and definitely damage the liver and the other one is the it is excrete in the urine and that why it is also called the red water disease because the urine will be red and that’s all about the pathogenesis of the bacillary hemoglobinuria.

Clinical Pathology:

The clinical pathology of the bacillary hemoglobinuria is defined below:

·      First one is the decrease in the PCV level

·      There will be decrease in the RBC level as well

·      There will high amount eosinophils

·      There will be high amount of neutrophils

Necropsy and Incubation Period:

The necropsy of the bacillary hemoglobinuria is that there will be the large infarction in the hepatic portal vessels and the incubation period is the sudden onset of the disease and in between the 24-48 degree centigrade.

Diagnosis:

In the process of diagnosis, we will first collect the history like we ask about the season then about the lactic acidosis and then about the flukes and then most importantly about the deworming of the animal and then also about the clinical signs of the animal and this is all about the diagnosis of the animal that we will definitely ask about the animal from the owner.

Differential Diagnosis:

The differential diagnosis of the bacillary hemoglobinuria is given below:

1.     Post parturient hemoglobinuria

2.     Leptospirosis

3.     Babesiosis

4.     Cu poisoning

These are some of the following differential diagnoses which we described above and with these common types of diseases we differentiate the bacillary hemoglobinuria and that will be very much important in the field with this knowledge you will be able to diagnose the correct diseases and able to given the proper amount of treatment to the animal.

Tests:

Following are the tests which we perform to know the correct amount and damage of the disease and that will be the fluorescent antibody test and the mice inoculation test and these tests are perform for the bacillary hemoglobinuria.

Treatment:

The treatment of the bacillary hemoglobinuria is given below:

·      Penicillin will be drug of choice and also the oxytetracycline as well will be the drug of choice.

·      Liver tonic we used for the disease called the bacillary hemoglobinuria

·      For the flukes we use the triclabendazole and that will be the drug of choice

·      Also done the blood transmission

·      We also use the multivitamin as well

·      And the anti-pyretic will also be used in bacillary hemoglobinuria.

Control:

For the control purpose we simply done the vaccination in the spring season and as we know that the control is very important from all the aspects because if we control the major main points of the disease so we will able to protect our animal from many kinds of diseases.